木糖醇（Xylitol）-藥用料手冊(cè)（第六版）中英文對(duì)照
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木糖醇（Xylitol）-藥用料手冊(cè)（第六版）中英文對(duì)照
| Nonproprietary Names | Xylitol |
| page | 786 |
| 通用名 | 木糖醇 |
| Alkalizing agent. | Coating agent; diluent; emollient; humectant; sweetening agent; tablet and capsule diluent; tablet filler. |
| 功能類別 | 包衣劑；稀釋劑；潤(rùn)膚劑；保濕劑；甜味劑；片劑和膠囊稀釋劑；片劑填充劑。 |
| Applications in Pharmaceutical Formulation or Technology | Xylitol is used as a noncariogenic sweetening agent in a variety of pharmaceutical dosage forms, including tablets, syrups, and coatings. It is also widely used as an alternative to sucrose in foods and as a base for medicated confectionery. Xylitol is finding increasing application in chewing gum,(1,2) mouthrinses,(3) and toothpastes(4) as an agent that decreases dental plaque and tooth decay (dental caries). Unlike sucrose, xylitol is not fermented into cariogenic acid end products(5) and it has been shown to reduce dental caries by inhibiting the growth of cariogenic Streptococcus mutans bacteria.(6,7) As xylitol has an equal sweetness intensity to sucrose, combined with a distinct cooling effect upon dissolution of the crystal, it is highly effective in enhancing the flavor of tablets and syrups and masking the unpleasant or bitter flavors associated with some pharmaceutical actives and excipients. In topical cosmetic and toiletry applications, xylitol is used primarily for its humectant and emollient properties, although it has also been reported to enhance product stability through a combination of potentiation of preservatives and its own bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties. Granulates of xylitol are used as diluents in tablet formulations,where they can provide chewable tablets with a desirable sweet taste and cooling sensation, without the ‘chalky’ texture experienced with some other tablet diluents. Xylitol solutions are employed in tablet-coating applications at concentrations in excess of 65% w/w Xylitol coatings are stable and provide a sweet-tasting and durable hard coating. In liquid preparations, xylitol is used as a sweetening agent and vehicle for sugar-free formulations. In syrups, it has a reduced tendency to ‘cap-lock’ by effectively preventing crystallization around the closures of bottles. Xylitol also has a lower water activity and a higher osmotic pressure than sucrose, therefore enhancing product stability and freshness. In addition, xylitol has also been demonstrated to exert certain specific bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects, particularly against common spoilage organisms.(8,9) Therapeutically, xylitol is additionally utilized as an energy source for intravenous infusion therapy following trauma.(10) |
| 在藥物配方或技術(shù)中的應(yīng)用 | 木糖醇用作各種藥物劑型中的非致癌甜味劑，包括片劑，糖漿和包衣。它也被廣泛用作食品中蔗糖的替代品和藥物糖果的基礎(chǔ)。木糖醇作為減少牙菌斑和蛀牙（齲齒）的藥劑在口香糖，（1,2）漱口劑，（3）和牙膏（4）中的應(yīng)用越來(lái)越多。與蔗糖不同，木糖醇不會(huì)發(fā)酵成致齲酸終產(chǎn)物（5），并且已經(jīng)顯示通過(guò)抑制致齲變形鏈球菌細(xì)菌的生長(zhǎng)來(lái)減少齲齒。（6,7）由于木糖醇具有與蔗糖相同的甜度強(qiáng)度，結(jié)合在晶體溶解時(shí)具有明顯的冷卻作用，它在增強(qiáng)片劑和糖漿的味道以及掩蓋與一些藥物活性劑和賦形劑相關(guān)的不愉快或苦味方面非常有效。 在局部化妝品和化妝品應(yīng)用中，木糖醇主要用于其保濕劑和潤(rùn)膚劑性質(zhì)，盡管據(jù)報(bào)道通過(guò)增強(qiáng)防腐劑及其自身的抑菌和殺菌性質(zhì)的組合來(lái)增強(qiáng)產(chǎn)品穩(wěn)定性。木糖醇顆粒用作片劑配方中的稀釋劑，其中它們可以提供具有所需甜味和清涼感的咀嚼片劑，而沒有其他片劑稀釋劑所經(jīng)歷的“白堊”質(zhì)地。木糖醇溶液以超過(guò)65%w/w的濃度用于片劑包衣應(yīng)用木糖醇包衣是穩(wěn)定的并且提供甜味和耐用的硬包衣。 在液體制劑中，木糖醇用作無(wú)糖制劑的甜味劑和載體。在糖漿中，通過(guò)有效防止瓶子閉合周圍的結(jié)晶，它減少了“封蓋”的趨勢(shì)。木糖醇還具有比蔗糖更低的水分活度和更高的滲透壓，因此增強(qiáng)了產(chǎn)品的穩(wěn)定性和新鮮度。此外，木糖醇還被證明具有一定的抑菌和殺菌作用，特別是對(duì)常見的腐敗生物。（8,9） 在治療上，木糖醇還被用作創(chuàng)傷后靜脈輸注治療的能量來(lái)源。（10） |
| Description | Xylitol occurs as a white, granular solid comprising crystalline,equidimensional particles having a mean diameter of about 0.4–0.6 mm. It is odorless, with a sweet taste that imparts a cooling sensation. Xylitol is also commercially available in powdered form,and several granular, directly compressible forms.(11) See also Section 17. |
| 描述 | 木糖醇為白色、結(jié)晶性顆粒狀固體，其各方向有相等的粒徑，約為0.4~0.6mm。木糖醇無(wú)臭，但具有清涼感的甜味。可用于工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的木糖醇有粉末狀和數(shù)種顆粒狀，可供直接壓片（11）。另見第17項(xiàng)。 |
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